Market risk Market risk arises fro m the fact t hat the value of finan cial instruments may be positively or ne gatively affected by fluct uating prices on th e financial market s. Market risk includ es currency risk, fair v alue interest rate risk, and price risk . Currency risk Currency risk is the risk that the value of a finan cial instrument will fluct uate due to exchan ge rate fluctuations. Expo sure to currency risks a rises primarily wh en receivable s and payable s (including intercompany loan s) are denomin ated in a curren cy othe r than the operating c ompany’s local c urrency. The Company i s exposed t o such risks as it operates int ernationally, prim arily with respect t o the US dollar. The Company m anages its cu rrency risk by close ly monitoring the cu rrency fluctu ations and does not hedge its curren cy risk. A 5% strengthenin g of US Dollar again st the e uro would have decre ased net profit by €0. 6 mil lion du e to the transaction al impact. A 5% decline in US Dollar against t he eu ro would have had an approximat ely equal but opposite effect on t he basis that all other variable s remain con stant .